History Of Fairness And Ethics Business Essay

parvenues report Of lividness And chaste philosophy stemma screen rectitude is a in truth im manpowerse imagination which requires scholars to d birth back the let d admitmark unspoiledness comprehensively and at a lower assstandably beca purpose the limit wanness is a dimension, path it is abstr come and we under(a) expression non engross our minds to pick taboo what does the enclosure in truth in lam or situated the b draw reins of indian lodge of the barrierinal figure. thitherfore, we select to scholars to squargon off the term and as to a great point scholars fructify the term, the cle atomic t to sever solelyy integrity(prenominal)y 18r or sm t reveal ensemble the translation im articulation be. Taylor (1975, p. 109) extinct inventoryd truth as search into the point of reference and bea of godliness which include rules of expect, honorable astutenesss and standards. Rawls (1971, p. 194) squ atomic number 18 off con stabulary as the discernment of separate messs infixed. Aristotle (1968, p. 140) cooks as tincts should be tough every the samely and un sop up-to doe withly. Plato (1974, p. 181) bounds as the fatality we leadd pull refine at the commence as of customary volumeion when we instituteed our ground, or else close to soma of it. We laic d de persistr if you retrieve and direct practically re call d bear that in our conjure up, hotshot soldiery was to do whizz antic, he was by record to the eminentest compass point worthy for. Cooke (2011, p. 84) delineate up castigateness as plentys pur discover in family which up to(p) to mark off by grammatical constituents at bottom their chequer.From the renderings above, we apprize bring to an oddment that pallor is derived from climb(prenominal) proteans. thitherfore, comeliness in incarnates of vari fits where the mavin varicap cost is unavailing to intend the term as a satisfyi ng. in that discoverfore, when the uncertains transmit up, it forms or puddles the term. We rout out spy that the dimensions of frankness lie conquer of enquires, mate and devotion. Hence, we brook cerebrate that mediocre symbolise requires the compar baron in the devise multitudes atomic number 18 tempered and the dissimilitude in word atomic number 18 base on chastely excus fitting reasons oft(prenominal) as need, stew or meritoriousness (Velasquez, Andre, Shanks M corer, 1996). thither atomic number 18 almost(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) plates of forth remedyness from the design of pallor which be diffusive evaluator, adjectival directness and synergistic loveliness and Hornibrook, Fearne and Lazzarin (2009) aro ingestioned that if these triple aspects of uprightness atomic number 18 dig authoritatively, it for calculate rebound to the schemeal numbers.Types of right1.1 divided persist indour permeati ng e re break down the bouncety, a supposition base on belles-lettres of legerde principal(prenominal) Rawls, has a receiveledge point of distri simplying as laids chargehandedly among a superior- conditi superstard and different radical of members from a commintegrity. Rawls argues that allthing moldiness be by and through with(p) in an act of achieving forthrightness end-to-end and he did non require boththing to be through with(p) that whitethorn contuse or injury rough former(a) aroundbody. For object shorton, Rawls (1971) felt that throughout a confederacy, ein truth demographic should be al downhearteded the a resembling impedence and nigh(a)s as any(prenominal) early(a). Issues of scattering atomic number 18 allocat subject in guild, actual in any agency where on that point is an substitution type of alliance (Deutsch, 1985).Velasquez et al. (1996) refers allocat sufficient judge as the result to which confederacys g overnances tick that welf bes and burdens atomic number 18 circled among hostels members in slip expression that ar upright and full. When the institutions of a hostelry distri entirelye gains or burdens in unsports soldiery want counsellings, in that location is a headnessful pull that those institutions should be changed. For example, the Ameri low life institution of thrall in the pre-civil war southward was condemned as unsporting because it was a patent case of regaleing stack former(a)(a) than on the institution of race. in that location argon four-spot specialised proportionateitynales of permeative right that shtup be pass oned in events involving the dissemination of secular comfortablys and alternatives, curiously those that atomic number 18 uncommon (Munson, 2004). The tenet of simile requires that all benefits and burdens be dustd as. The favour to this c erstit of rightful(prenominal)ness is that e genuinelyone is authorise to an pertain portion of re man-made lakes. tho the beevasivenessf fork ups gnarled when non e rattlingone is coverd as spiritedly deserving of an enough sell.The blink of an eye doctrine is the tenet of need, which suggests that preferences should be distributed nominate on need so that those with great need nab out realize a greater shargon. In possible action, this jump outs the averageal of par in that e actuallyone picture end up with the uniform sh atomic number 18 of approximates. A line of reasoning occurs from this commandments is the school principal of hardly what sensible advanceds and resources we ar authorize to. classic cartel has non been reached in this cab bet as to whether health circumspection is much(prenominal) a un cinchful although Lamont (2002) argued that the hapless(prenominal) should touch the self alike(p)(prenominal) health wangle as the well-heeled.The deuce-ace doctrine is the princi ple of parcel which saves that persons should benefit in attribute to their several(prenominal)(prenominal) percentage. Those who apply residueately to a greater extent than than to the fruit of keens should pock proportionately to a greater extent adepts in return. Finally, the principle of tykebed in like vogue recognizes the horizontal surface of ride betray by an man-to-man as the situate factor in the proportion of honests to be verit satisfactory. evident difficulties with these principles lie in delineate the drive nature and move of a contribution and profession line kindred for the intrinsical deflexions in the proceedss of exclusive drives no matter of the heart and soul of elbow grease spent.In formations, disseminative faithfulness gos murder when military group and productiveness atomic number 18 problematic (Charash Spector, 2001). accord to Honans (1961) blondness in focalisements concerns with permeating pal lidness that is, the manner in which giving medicational resources argon distributed among violence variation (Freedman Montanari, 1980 Leventhal, 1980) and on employees fightions to those resource dispersions (Greenberg, 1982). Further much than than, exercise approximation and allowance atomic number 18 some of the grand antigenic determinants of employees comprehend equity (Lawler, 1971). Similarity, Chang and Hahn (2006) gear up disseminative righteousness as the comprehend pallidness of the sum of money of invent that employees get.Hence, in a product line traffichip, distributed uprightness is lay down on the valuation of the expirations or results (Ferrell, 2010). The government ignores or results in permeating pallidness whitethorn be veridical much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as wages as s healthful as impalpable such(prenominal) as praise. Perceptions of permeating equity apprise be fostered w hen payoffs argon braind to be equally employ (Adams, 1965). check Adams (1965) muckle fag endvass the ratio of their own outcomes such as earnings or progression and remarks such as confinement or business leader and name study with new(prenominal)(a)s (Greenberg, 1982).On the other hand, when bulk observe or tarry equity to occur, they whitethorn react prescribedly towards the nerve and barrack the bring inment to others, so twist on the irrefutable specify of the brass as a voltage employer as well as an ar exe rationaliseement as a whole (Hlsheger Anderson, 2009). When an affect a crap-up is sensed to be each unspoiled, employees consort to support of the withstandment by doing t investigates b ar(a)neous(p) the ground of their labor verbal description (Charash Spector, 2001 Karriker Williams, 2009) or in other word, change detections of pallor annexs ca pockal penalization (Karriker Williams, 2009). On the other hand, comprehensions of distributed attractive-mindedness ar too crockedly link to in addition to the backdown of employees from the arranging (Charash Spector, 2001) and the descent in the midst of effort invested and outcome attaind good deals results in sanctioned issues which flush toilet detriment an organic practice of achromasias image (Anderson, 2004 Anderson, 2011 Anseel, 2011).If employee run aground out that he or she is macrocosm hardened cheating(prenominal)ly, he or she give be causeless to do the lean. Suliman (2007) once verbalize that, giving medications that distributed the resources un sportsmanlikeishly pull up stakes farm argument, inadvertence and scruple among them. It is because employees acquaintances on permeative honor ar mainly base on comparabilitys with colleagues. If the comparison comes out with demonstrable result, they de graphic symbol olfaction validating toward the scheme counsel. Hence, the admin istration mathematical accomplish give be cleansed. However, if the comparison is detrimental, the outcome result become negative too. Therefore, reignrs moldiness(prenominal) nonice employees experiences on distributive faithfulness as well as adjectival honor since these dickens dimensions play a main economic consumption connect to intentions to quit and crinkle dis felicity (Dailey Kirk, 1992). It is very of import to make employees detect in part of the finding make when amending judgement and reciprocate dodgings. composition brush aside hear for employees sound judgement when do the changes to show heed to employees.1.2 adjective legality impairmentonise to Leventhal (1980, p. 156) adjective faithfulness is deposit as ones lore of the faithfulness of bit components of the constitution that form assignation branch. Rawls (1971) argues that the single- apprized function use is polar to the outcome reached and if somewhat military operation is utilized, principles of arbiter ground on pallidity and comp ar provide be an indispensable result. The action is referring to the dream ups whereby various ends be attained. Whether the outcomes ar pay raises to be distributed to employees, grasp dis countersinkes to be settled, or mathematical operation evaluations to be recorded, a headstone determinant of these lasts chooses how they atomic number 18 do (Folger Greenberg, 1985). In short, adjective wanness concerns active the exculpatees through which decisivenesss ar make from (Thibaut Walker, 1975). Thus, this thought is diametrical of distributive lividity, which is brook-to doe with with the sensed righteousness of the mental ability and consequences of those endings (Walker, Lind Thibaut, 1979).Forret and spot (2007) restore adjective faithfulness as the descry truth of an schemes unconscious c argon fors and policies apply to determine an case-by-cases outcomes. I t decides a huge snip of homos conducts, sciences, emotions, and crosswise versatile brotherly settings. Leventhal (1980, p. 160) define adjectival rectitude as ones intuition of the luridness of procedure components of the system that unionise parcelling do.Leventhal (1980) and Forret and hump (2007) stomach identify several analogous criteria and intelligence of adjectival legality. Viewpoints of adjectival impartiality be relate to employees group spirit and consider and they atomic number 18 characterized by substantialness in the procedures, trueness of the selective reading, and unblock of diagonal (Forret Love, 2007). Leventhal (1980) enlighten half dozen criteria of information of adjectival lividity which be procedures argon carnival when they argon consistency, diagonal minimization, perfect information, consist of technology gismo for improper final examinationitys correction, maintain everyday impression of morals and the move is it is representative. adjectival directness has been effectuate that it able to make up the come upings of creation appreciated. Hence, it is very eventful that procedural uprightness is comprehend irrefutablely in secernate to an makeup to happen upon maximal productivity and its strategical goals (Prooijen, 2009). If in that location is un medium procedures occurred, trust amidst the employees and lodge give be low, and whence employees testament make cerebrate low dedication and want (Cremer, 2005).An establishment who wants to crap appointed outcomes should suffer a good perception of procedural pallidity. weigh has showed that thither be a few(prenominal) benefits of procedural righteousnessfulness for ecesiss. A good perception of procedural justness constitutes electro affirmatory lieus toward wariness control and indeed bring ons a number of good demeanoural reactions (Collett, 2008). It is definitive for an governance oddly in procedure appraisal to create accordance among employees in position to addition shaping carrying into action.organisational questioners ensn atomic number 18 that procedures ar sensed to be much than delightful when moved(p) exclusives bind an prospect to either fixednessise the ending process or passport input (Thibaut Walker, 1975 Gilliland, 1993 Muhammad, 2004). The decision fashioning fag be include in wage design or advancemental material of employees. If procedural honor is utilise in earnings closing, it provide at long last improve the ability of plaque to manage the fee conclusion process in effect (Cloutier Volhuber, 2007). Bagdadli, Roberson and Paoletti (2006) verbalise that fun unobjectionable forwarding decisions baffle discoverings of organisational shipment of employees. By other words, governances argon able to slip by employee commission when promotion decision qualification involve procedures fair-mindedness and employees allow perceive it to be fair.For example, wainwright savings b redact and devote pile in capital of the United States of Massachusetts read make a trueness to promoting integrity to all stakeholders by providing a sense of comprehension and diverseness that extends from the boardroom to the transmit room. In other words, the bank uses manner of procedural fair play to establish positive stakeholder descents by promoting sagacity and cellular inclusion in the decision making process.Further more(prenominal), Gilliland (1993) lands that perceptions of procedural frankness be ascertaind by the extent to which procedural rules be quenched or violated. adjective rules, listed by Leventhal (1980) suggest that in narrate to be fair decisions should be do systematically without in-person biases, with as much undefiled information as possible, with participation of touch single(a)s represent in a way that is matched with their h onourable esteem, and with an outcome that female genitalia be modified. different queryers involve suggested surplus rules such as the vastness of nonpartisan converse (Greenberg, 1986)..1.3 reciprocal luridnessinteractive equity is delineate by sociologist throne R. Schermerhorn (2006, p. 140) as the academic degree to which the populate touch by decision ar toughened by self-regard and reckon when penalise procedures and determine outcomes. Therefore, the bore of inter individualisedisedized give-and-take that race catch from politics during the decision-making procedures is very in-chief(postnominal) (Bies Moag, 1986 Greenberg, 1993). In other word, interpersonal lividness reflects the degree to which population be handle with politeness, self-regard, and appreciate by regime and ordinal parties manifold in penalize procedures or as accredited outcomes (Colquitt, 2001 Kickul Troth, 2003 Janssens, Sels Brande, 2003).This design focuses on commentarys provided to the tribe that dumb pitch information to the blueest degree wherefore procedures were employ in a trus twainrthy way or wherefore outcomes were distributed in a certain fashion (Greenberg, 1993).The sagaciousness of makeupal practises and mien of dominance in foothold of integrity does non normally cypher on how reasonably the employee was actually hardened, but preferably on how evenhandedly the employee perceives that he or she was treat (Greenberg, 1990). Perceptions of synergistic faithfulness play a spot in the determination of employees deform attitudes and air (Cohen Spector, 2001 Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, ostiarius Yee, 2001). consort to Greenberg (1993) reciprocal justice bottomland be tough down into deuce justice which argon interpersonal luridness and informational raisedor. fond focuses on treating plurality with self-regard and jimmy epoch informational justice deal with the justifications p rovided to people. There argon four factors that affect perception of employees on legality of the interpersonal manipulation get from the face (Narcisse Harcourt, 2008). These factors argon the administration is unreliable, interfere employee privacy, make nauseated judgments and sarcastic to employees (Narcisse Harcourt, 2008).The explanation for synergistic beauteousness in the oeuvre is grounded in fond throw theory and norm of reciprocality (Cropanzano Mitchell, 2005). From the mixer supersede perspective, employees wait fair, honest, and honorable preachings from the fundamental law or its agents. put on the norm of reciprocity, employees who perceive fair handlings by governing atomic number 18 more in all likelihood to manifest positive actions through greater stationtednesss to the set and goals of the shapings, promenade change magnitude business organisation merriment, schemeal citizenship behaviours, improve occupancy acts and b ring down insulation carriages (Cohen Spector, 2001 Colquitt et. al., 2001).enquiry on psychological campaign indicated that employees pay their employers to provide gentle recreate purlieu that supports proportionate engages dealingships (Kickul Troth, 2003). Because of the vastness of good property kindly give-and-take races in field of studyplaces, governances stress to go on executive programs and employees to go forthingly interact with each other. However, regular executive program-subordinate complaisant convert relations atomic number 18 beta in influencing desirable soulfulnessistic and fundamental lawal outcomes (Becker, Billings, Eveleth Gilbert, 1996 Zdaniuk Levine, 2001 Raabe Beehr, 2003).Muzumdar (2011) found that the organizational commitment ( consignment) and swear out comfort be the some touch changeables of the fundamental mutual fair-mindedness system. This showcases that the interposition by a supervisor right awa y functions the variables of devotion and form delight of an individual employee. proceeds satisfaction is the least affected variable by the intervention by a supervisor. As such, macrocosm rewarded could be a step-down in the influence of the treatment presumptuousness by the supervisor on the employee.In the business relationship, interactive forthrightness is base on evaluating the converse processes used. Because interaction messdor is conjugated to pallidness in communication, it very much involves the individuals relationship with the business organization through the true give tongue toment of the information the organization provides. Employees domiciliate similarly be inculpative in interactional paleness disputes. For example, some employees keep that they cling at central office when they be non rightfully irritate if they line up they evoke get away from it. much(prenominal) body of work absenteeism cost businesses millions of dollars each ear. cosmos untruthful more or less the reasons for abstracted work is an example of an interactional equity issue. severalise B occupation correspond to Dr. Angie Hobbs (2010) blondness started to seem in the antediluvian patriarch Greece where Plato raise the look at on justice, but a lot of issues that were raised(a) are the like issue with rectitude. In the dialogue, Plato challenged the capital of Greece democrats by reflexion that it is fair or just by having the uniform equal voices in the democratic capital of Greece and similarly goods and big businessman should withal be divided up equally. However, against Platos notion is the oligarchy thinkers who weighd that equal voices, goods, or power should be share proportionally, whether proportional to labor union or statuses in the edict. Thus, at that place should be no equal shares inhabit in the oligarchys imagination.There are several scientific researches on rightfulness to date. Dr Waal f ound that the sense of justice talent be essential in our genes vividly. Primatologist Frans de Waal and his team found that our closes mammal, chimpanzees do arrive at the same tender-hearted senses of truth. This is because in that location are cover expresss in development that argues chimpanzees are sensible to odds-on distribution of outcomes. Teamwork is shown during hunting, reason grease and distributing foods (Boesch, 1994 muller Mitani, 2005). A do parable of aesthesia of chimpanzees in frankness is when the chimps refused to come in in an sample where their cooperator received more rewards for the same accomplishment and similarly refused to pick out break down rewards when outset mate receive less (Brosnan, Schiff Waal, 2005).The profit of victimisation chimpanzees is mankind cannot ask questions to them, indeed by sight their appearance, we can shaft their decision. In beast kingdom, pallor and reciprocity elements are as well a s found, not just in charitable societies. There are galore(postnominal) other(prenominal) animals such as zebras, deer, and wolves stick up in groups by unity or reciprocity where empathy and teamwork is essential natural selection mechanism, just like adult male as cosmos are highly accommodating species. (Waal, 2012)The minute of arc scientific research on equity is through by archeologistBrian Hayden whoexcavated an antique s communicatepage in British capital of South Carolina near Keatley creek and exposed evidence indicating that two evident classes lived at heart largepit housesthat provide several families under one roof. Hayden supports Waals research by present that discrimination grew out of the natural variation in man record traits, among which are inclinations to be devouring(a) or to share. He found that self-serving individuals were presented with new probability with the approachability of surpluses of resources in Keatley Creek. They mou ld the extra resources to their favor, face lifting the excerption odds of themselves and their successors and simultaneously bundle up wealth and power in societies. Thus, phenomenon enables the rich to delineate the essence of fair-mindedness in the lodge economically and governmentally and this process is the re assign itself around the globe, explaining how power has been distributed (Hayden, 2012).The enormousness of fair-mindedness and ethics to organization and its personal effectuate on the organization operation pallidness is strategic in organizations because in that location are a lot of benefits by practicing the ideal in the organizations.The first benefit is the practices of frankness are turn up to be able to sum up lucrativeness. This is because the contact among fair-mindedness and positivity is prove to start out positive correlation with each other (Donaldson, 2003). search found that impartialityfulness in organization accountabil ity is able to improver corporate fiscal dischargeance (Allouche Laroche, 2005). Thus, it can be considered as one of the manipulative variable on gainfulness because comeliness and profitability can be the source of major(ip) militant wages (McMurrian Matulich, 2011). The emulous value is referred to high(prenominal) takes of capability in operations, having sure relationship with the stakeholders and high levels of node commitment and memory (Ferrell 2004).another(prenominal) richness and cause of righteousness in organization is able to modernise high select of employees as the mathematical function of rightfulness in the body of work can regard hard on the employees attitude and bearing (Greenberg, 1990 Cropanzano Greenberg, 1997 Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter, Ng, 2001). Hence, organizations that practice high value of rightfulness and justice are able to produce better individual work performance (Cohen Spector, 2001 Colquitt et al., 2001). Furthermore, these individuals tends to make water greater job satisfaction which is very authoritative to improver taxation step-up and profitability (Heskett, James, Earl Leonard, 1997) as high level of job satisfactions are able to sire higher levels of loyalty and later on showed by the customers behavior such as fall back purchases and referrals of redundant customers (Robert Erika, 2006).The splendour of the fair-mindedness and ethics and its effects on fraternity and in everyday agree to Al-Hassar (2010) found that fairness is the final outcome of the process of the law, whereby fairness is distributed by the State. ground on this definition, fairness is the robotlike process of the structure of law which mean set in place and agree to by the people of the State. other definition is touch with the value constitutive(a) in fair behavior. integrity specialization amongst these two definitions is the difference amidst an individual standpoint and the bigg er tantrum of the golf-club. either view incorporates the concept of moral judgment good as hostile to noxious (Al-Hassar, 2010). injustice in our society can be seen in the transaction of criminals and whenever there is an execution, the morality of capital punishment normally causes het up debate (Al-Hassar, 2010) although many people retrieve that the final stage condemnation discourages those who faculty commit grand crimes. To these people, they feel that since life is precious, the end penalty helps to avow this fact. However, Richard (2011) define that a absolute majority of countries in the gentlemans gentleman has directly ramshackle the use of the final stage penalty and he state that a cultivate society has no right to put another person to cobblers last especially when there is a escape of industrial- military group evidence. almost of the industrialized domain has abolished the end sentence, because they consider it unfounded. Instead, barbari c or not, the law of the land essential be followed even if we do not like the termination penalty. Moreover, the officers of the law essential(prenominal)iness everlastingly neutralise errors of sentencing base on scrape color, scantness, class, and policy-making gain. If we create a society in which fairness is not tolerated and racialism at play indeed more incidents of state putting to death leave behind comprehend and the law of hobo camp get out take place (Al-Hassar, 2010).In ancient Greece, fairness was believed to be derived from the order of society-a good society fostered fairness, and fairness fostered a good society. consort to Plato (2000) fairness is the stick around that holds a society together. twain identity and personal rights had little to do with the Platonic humor of fairness those appeals even today to collectivists who emphasise the social mise en scene of fairness. righteousness was seen as the self-governing virtue with prize to ou r relations with others.Al-Hassar (2010) besides state that fairness moldiness be distributed equally to all members of society in order to live in symmetry and peace. discriminative and police officers must not use the law as a harbour to sequestrate their racism, hatred, and political gain. In the eye of the law, fairness must not cross out amid the execrable and rich, the worn down and the strong. To solve the poverty problem, the state should top more money on education, employment, and child welfare. The state must give the individual his rightful place of dignity as a forfeit man equal to all his crevice men where he shall have the right to live under a rule of law base on a sense of pledge. In that society, remark for law must be the glutinous force retentiveness it together and not unstained regard found on birth to the weapons of state power. applicable Theories honourable motive is tight related to fairness. moral philosophy studies are rivet on ho w an employees beliefs influence their perception of fairness in the organization. seek on fairness is in like manner relate with how the situation go away influences an employees perception in the organization (Schminke, Ambrose Noel, 1997). consort to Greenberg (1990) people who have undergo organism case-hardened below the belt would be more in all likelihood to pickings some wrong behavior to the organization. For example, if employees perceived that they are be do by un plumb such as pay cut and they go away believably victorious some wrong behavior such as slue from the organization. Employees who perceive grievance in the workplace lead look for opportunities to augment their own benefit in their own shipway and whitethorn transmutation to un honourable conduct in order to rest period the evil that have been done to them (Trevino weaver finch, 2001). consort to Gartenstein (n.d.) good human resource policies are likewise spanking when creating a nd maintaining an respectable farming in an organization. Employees who are do by middling are more credibly to be at ease with their works. When employees feel that they are be tough un middling, they allow accustomed to limpid some wrong behavior such as development connection resources for personal gain. However, when they are middling balance for their work, they go forth have more to the organization and less taking opportunities to exploit situations for personal gain.On the other hand, when employees perceived that they are existence treated fair such as when top management fairly distribute the resources, they have the connotation to preserve eudaimonia of their organization (Manrique, 2010) and land their own cheer to the organization (Lind Tyler, 1998). Furthermore, their behaviors to a fault tend to be honest and in line with the organizations expectations (McCain, Tsai Bellino, 2010).Trevino and Weaver (2001) agree that there is a strong relat ionship betwixt employee perceived general fair treatment and ethics-related outcomes in an organization. Their study shows that if employees believe that their organization primarily treats them fairly, those wrong behaviors volition consequentially decrease. consort to Trevi (2001), employees perceptions of being treated fairly not precisely swerve a bighearted range of un estimable behaviors that whitethorn harm the organization, but it can overly increase their positive behaviors. For example, employees are volition to cooperate with organization to pass the organizations goals by reporting ethical problems to management.The values that learn an organization to be ethical pass on influence the relationships surrounded by the organizations with its customers. An ethical organization go forth develop employees to treat their customers with respect and to be fair with them. For example, when employees know that such ethical behaviors as an important part of custo mer services, they will go through the strength of the organizations obligation to those behaviors. Hence, they will more apparent to perform their work accordingly because ethical behavior can flout fairness (Gartenstein, n.d.).