P&G vs Unilever Executive Summary

Unilever and P&G – Comparative Analysis Executive Summary The Consumer Products Industry is the biggest industry in the world at the moment, with total revenues amounting to about 50% of all goods sold. It is comparable to the GDP of the 4th biggest economy in the world, and entails most of the products we use in our every day lives. There are 3 key factors that drive the industry today: developing markets, the emerging middle-class of developing countries and the millions of baby boomers in developed markets.The industry faces many challenges nonetheless, such as an increase in prices of raw materials, crude oil, crops and commodities – especially oil prices; the constant broadening of the industry caused by globalization; and an increasing tendency for consumers to shop at mass-discount shops rather than the well-established companies within the Industry. The main players in this industry are Unilever, P&G, Nestle, Johnson &Johnson, PepsiCo, Mars and Henkel. This repo rt focuses on the comparative analysis of Unilever and P&G. Some of P&G’s most famous brands are Braun, Gillette, Oral-B and Pantene.These and the top 50% of most well known brands account for 90% of P&G sales and more than 90% of its profits. Furthermore, 25 of these 50 brands go as far as generating more than $1 billion each in annual sales. Overall, the company markets its brands in over 180 countries across the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and the Asian region. Despite the recent crisis, P&G continued to experience growth due to a strategy of â€Å"investments in innovation, portfolio expansion, marketing support and consumer value†. The company is also investing $2 billion in R&D annually.As for Unilever, the company owns more than 400 brands, and 2 million people use Unilever an product on any given day. Unilever is based in 100 countries and sells products into more than 150. The long-term goals are continuous improvement and developing a sustainable business, and the company has over 6000 people working in R&D across the globe for a total of $1,3 billion worth of R&D investments in 2011. In terms of financial comparative analysis, market Ratios for both companies show that Unilever and P&G are attractive investments for investors.P&G has a higher EPS on average and is a more preferable investment currently for investors looking for high returns. The market ratios also show that Unilever has been improving its earnings and has a higher earning potential in the future as its EPS, P/E and payout ratio have been improving over time. P&G on the other hand currently has a higher yield as shown by the Dividend Yield ratio but its performance seems to be declining gradually as evident by the worsening Market Ratios.The Liquidity ratios of both companies clearly point out to the fact that the companies are not in a position to meet their immediate liabilities. However, this is not a matter of concern as both companies are la rge, stable and established businesses. The liquidity ratios show an adverse situation for the companies even though they are healthy otherwise. This is because the industry is such that the companies must have high current liabilities over extended periods of time and low assets due to very fast inventory turnover rate.The consumer goods industry requires that a company’s inventory turns be fast and the accounts payable be large over long periods of time to have a high level of efficiency and consequently profitability. It also assures both corporations a competitive edge and for this reason liquidity ratios must remain low which may seem unhealthy but in reality is helpful in this particular industry. From 2007 to 2011 Unilever consistently had higher growth rates in revenue, operating and net profit. During this time span P&G profit growth rates even were negative.This indicates that P&G is from an absolute point of view still bigger and more profitable, but Unilever is ca tching up. A closer look at the profitability ratios shows that both companies are doing very well with gross ratios of 43,80% (Unilever) and 50,56% (P&G). These ratios are above the 40% industry average and especially P&G is very profitable. This first indication is consistent with the further analysis of profitability ratios such as the net profit margin, which is still is 5% higher for P&G than Unilever.So far P&G has managed the increasing pressure on margins due to increasing raw material prices more successful than Unilever, but has to adjust its cost-structure to stop the ongoing negative trend of the last five years. Regarding efficiency ratios like return on capital ratios the previous dominance of P&G’s financial performance cannot be confirmed. Instead, Unilever outperforms P&G in all efficiency ratios, like the return on invested capital (16,89% vs. 10,42%), the return on assets (11,26% vs. 8,99%) or the return on capital employed (16,66% vs. 14,06%) for the time span between 2007 to 2011.This indicates Unilever outstanding capabilities to allocate its resources to the most profitable investments and to use the assets as efficient as possible. In terms of the debt situation for P&G and Unilever, analysis has shown that Unilever’s business is higher leveraged (D-E ratio 2,13) than P&G’s (1,09). This and the higher efficiency also explain why Unilever’s return on equity is much higher (36,06%) than P&G’s (18,78%). As a result of its high profitability and low debt-to-equity ratio, P&G’s TIE ratio is also much higher than Unilever’s (11,95 vs. ,61). The analysis has shown that P&G is a more conservative financed and highly profitable business whereas Unilever is more aggressive in terms of growth. Unilever already is highly efficient and has grown much faster than P&G over the last five years. If this trend is not reversed P&G will face increasing competition from Unilever in the close future. Weâ€℠¢ve calculated the average over five years for each company’s activity ratios and compared them as such because these ratios seemed to be relatively stable over time.They also appear to be in line with the companies’ strategies and policies, starting with the Asset Turnover being proportional to the return on equity: Unilever has a turnover almost double that of P&G. As we’ve mentioned earlier, fast inventory turnover is a characteristic of the industry, but Unilever seems to be doing better than P&G in these terms as well. We believe that Unilever’s focus on food products gives it a higher Inventory Turnover (9,09) compared to P&G’s household products focus (5,41).This gives Unilever a lower average age of inventory. Unilever also has a higher Day Purchases Outstanding Ratio, meaning they stretch suppliers much more by taking 88,40 days to pays them, compared to P&G’s 65,48 days. Strictly speaking, we would expect P&G to display a higher ba rgaining power to do its much higher Revenue, but this ratio shows a different story. Reasons for this could be due to geography, both in terms of differences in local management and in local regulations, and to the diversity of suppliers induced by the focus on 50 or 300 brands.In terms of the Day Sales Outstanding Ratio, it is P&G that seems to have the better policy this time. They convert Accounts Receivable to Cash in about 28 days versus 35 days for Unilever. Again, although smaller, this difference is important because it can reflect a difference in policies or diversity of suppliers. These two factors combined, low DSO and high DPO Ratios, lead to a negative Net Working Capital such as we had seen in our Walmart analysis. Compared to Assets, P&G has a negative NWC of -27% and Unilever of -20%.In conclusion, both companies show very strong financial health given the crisis, especially compared to the rest of the market. They are defensive values which show that their policies are working to resist the crisis. In absolute terms P&G is doing better as a company because it is a bigger, stronger, established firm. In relative terms the ratios paint another picture though: Unilever has been catching up to P&G in recent years, and their growth and financial management seems to be stronger than that of P&G.

Meeting the learning needs of all the children Essay

Although these areas seem separate, they are not planned for individually. One activity may cover three or four areas of learning. In my opinion the Guidance Document is very repetitive. This can be due to the fact that one focused activity can cover many areas of the six areas of learning. Children are developing at different rates and in many different ways. Some children will be better in certain areas whereas some children may excel in other areas, and â€Å"the Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage (DfEE/QCA, 2000) recognises this, and therefore identifies a number of developmental stepping stones which identify the relevant knowledge, understanding, skills and attitudes needed to achieve each goal. † (ibid, pg. 5) In reference to my research, I have found that the Foundation Guidance document is inspired by the work of Jean Piaget and his four stages of child development. Piaget believed that children are born with the ability to think and must successfully pass through each stage of cognitive development before beginning the next stage. (Daly, M, etal, 2004, pg. 73-74) In my school and nursery experience, I found that all learning and planning begins at building from previous experiences/learning. I agree with Piaget’s theory that in order for children to develop their thinking they must be able to draw upon prior experiences first. Nursery settings allow children to explore and build upon a variety of different experiences through play and adult initiated activities, which provide a basis for learning when they reach school. My 3-5 placement was based in a nursery which allowed for children aged between 3-4. The nursery has two sessions, one in the morning from 9. 00am to 11. 30am, and one in the afternoon from 12. 30pm to 3. 00pm. Each session catered for a different group of children. The children are not grouped according to ability; they tend to follow friendship groups. The staff invites children to join in focused activities. The children are never forced to do anything they don’t want to. Continuous provision is the principle set up that the nursery follow and the children are free to explore all areas. These include the water area, sand, dough, home, book and construction areas. A painting area is also positioned in a child friendly location set up with primary and secondary colours. The mathematics table, writing table and work shop table is set with different activities on a daily basis. Children are learning through experimentation most of the time. I was surprised to observe just how much the children were learning without even realizing. Learning through play is a simple yet extremely effective way of learning for young children. Staff promotes learning by being well organized, each member of staff has a set responsibility and work on a rota system. All the equipment and resources are at child level and nearly everything has label or has a picture for where things belong. They follow a self tidy up rule which the parents are asked to implement at home also. The teacher ensures in her planning that all six areas of learning are covered throughout all activities which I will discuss in more depth; this includes outdoor play which is also specially planned for. â€Å"Well-planned play, both indoors and outdoors, is a key way in which young children learn with enjoyment and challenge. † (DfEE/QCA, 2000:25) Resources are brightly coloured and are in interesting, familiar shapes. The home corner is quite realistic and the children role play ‘families’ thus developing communication, sharing and turn-taking skills. I also observed that each area for learning e. g. the sand area, are set separately, with at least 100cm between them. I believe this is a good strategy as the children are less distracted when working/playing and finished what they were doing instead of leaving things half done.

Aging Literature

This literature review addresses several issues related to the study of aging. Theoretical perspectives, research methods, and current controversies are reviewed. One issue that has beset the development of research on aging is a definition of old age (Scanzoni & Scanzoni, 1988, p. 549). Research in the United Kingdom and the United States has found that the older a person is in a chronological sense, the later is the chronological age at which that person tends to think old age begins. The concept of old age also is affected by social stratum: lower-status persons, as an example tend to think that old age begins in the fifties, while higher-status persons tend to think that old age begins around age 65. Advances in medical science and technology have led to increased life spans for an increasing proportion of the population; however, social development has not kept pace (Scanzoni & Scanzoni, 1988, p. 549). Thus, many among the growing numbers of older people lead increasingly less rewarding lives. Further, the increasing numbers of persons in the population aged 65 or older demand that research into aging develop methods that address the differences among age groupings within the 65 and over classification. There also is a subjective context to aging (Scanzoni & Scanzoni, 1988, p. 550). Younger people tend to perceiving old age differently from older people, at a general level, and at a specific level all persons do not age . . . ehavior will be evaluated in the context of one's basic beliefs. If these basic beliefs are unrealistic or irrational, one's expectancies will likely also tend to be unrealistic and irrational. Adaptation enables an individual to understand the surrounding environment (McDougall, 1995, pp. 26-27). Adaptation occurs through the functioning of the mental processes of assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation involves the perception and interpretation of new information within the context of existing knowledge and understanding. Accommodation is a more advanced process that involves the restructuring of mental organization in order to include new nformation. The ecological approach to psychology is a functional approach. In this approach, psychological problems are construed as instances of adaptation. Ecological science defines perception as an awareness of one's environment. The focus in on a being's vertical experience. Vertical experience implies that an environment permits a being to both live and reproduce. The environment is integral to thi s definition of perception, because varieties of meaningful experience cannot be studied as instances of perception unless an environmental component is integral to the being

Hyundai Motor Company

Background of the Organization Hyundai Motor Company (Hyundai) is the world’s fifth largest automobile company. It is the South Korea based global manufacturer of automobiles, and operates as a unit of Hyundai Motor Group.The company along with its subsidiaries and affiliates is involved in the design, development and manufacturing of passenger cars under the brand names of Equus, Genesis, Genesis Coupe, Azera, Sonata, Elantra, Accent, Getz, i30, i30cw, i20, i10 and recreational vehicles under the brand names of Veracruz/ix55, Santa Fe, Tucson/ix35, ix20, and H-1 and commercial vehicles which include medium and heavy duty automobiles and relevant parts. The company maintains a global production system consisting of manufacturing plants and operational facilities in Korea, the US, China, India, Turkey, Czech Republic, Russia, and Brazil.It maintains a global base of technical research centers in Korea, the US, Germany, Japan, and India. The company market its products in more t han 180 countries through its operational network of 32 overseas production and sales subsidiaries, and more than 6,000 dealers. Hyundai is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The company’s strategic intent focuses on maintaining its leading position in the global automotive market. The company recently adopted a new management concept to focus on the development of a global production system with emphasis on emerging markets such as China India, and Brazil.Recently, the company in collaboration with KOICA and PLAN Korea, planned to launch a project related to the development of technical training centre for automobile repair in several African nations. Key Recent Developments of Hyundai Motor Company Nov 21, 2011: Hyundai Joins European Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Demonstration Program Oct 04, 2011: EU Officials to Drive Fuel-cell Hyundai ix35 Sep 28, 2011: Hyundai to Expand EV Development Sep 06, 2011: Hyundai to Come Out With New Electric Vehicle Brand For China May 31, 20 11: SK Innovation Commences Construction On EV Batteries Facility HistoryChung Ju-Yung as a small engineering and construction company founded the Hyundai in 1947. In 1965 Hyundai began its operations outside South Korea, expanding production to Thailand, Vietnam and Guam. The name Hyundai is a Korean word meaning ‘Modernity’. The Hyundai motor company was founded in 1967. This famous company has been involved in construction, electronics, chemicals, shipbuilding, heavy industry and financial services. The company’s first model was released with the cooperation with Ford motor company, the Cortina in 1968. In 1967, they began exporting to Ecuador and Benelux countries.In 1991, Hyundai successfully developed its own proprietary gasoline engine. Hyundai Motors India Limited was established in 1996 with its production plant in Irrungattukatoi near Chennai, India. In 1998, Hyundai became a world class brand. During 1999, Chung Mong Koo, son of Chung Ju Yung was given leadership of Hyundai Motors. In 2004 a survey by Power and Associates ranked Hyundai the second in initial quality. In 2006 Chung Mong Koo was arrested for embezzlement of 100 billion SKW, and Vice chairman and CEO Kim Dong-Jin took over as head of Hyundai.Philosophy and Objectives of the Organization The Hyundai Motor Company’s Philosophy represents the values and the principles that are the core of the organization. ‘Realize the dream of mankind by creating a new future through ingenious thinking and continuously challenging new frontiers. ’ Core Values Promotes a customer driven corporate culture by providing the best quality and impeccable service with all values centered on their customers. Embrace every opportunity as greater challenges and achieve the goals with unwavering passion and ingenious thinking.Creates synergy through a sense of togetherness that is fostered by mutual communication and cooperation within the company and with their business partn ers. They believe the future of the organization lies in the hearts capabilities of individual members, and will help them develop their potential by creating a corporate culture that respects talent. Respects the diversity of cultures and customs, aspire to be the world’s best at what we do, and strive to become a respected global corporate citizen.

Management administration Essay

1. Do you think MacTemps should have changed its hiring strategy? Explain This strategies are good on firm`s hiring strategy. First of all, CEO have strong mind to rectify the problems, thus all of this firm`s managers and employee`s are effort to this strategies. To bring in entry-level employees who reflect the ethnic composition of the countries in which it would like to do business is improved new employee`s lnvolvement of firm`s culture, then some employee promoted high level of manager, this firm`s strategy is going on the future. And performance related promotion is enough to minority ethnic`s motivation for all about firm`s policy, so I`m confident this policies improved firm`s hiring strategy. 2. Do you foresee any problems with the changes that chuang instituted? Explain. If hiring strategy is change, some problems remained after changing strategy, For example, if black person is promoted high level of manager, he or she help more same ethnic group of people, this case is problem of hiring strategy, otherwise, if white people is promoted high level of manager, this manager help more same ethnic(white) people. Also, this firm is temporary staffing firm, historically, their customers want more white people, So, MacTemps preceded their customer`s stereotypes. Though improving their customer`s stereotype, this situation help to improve firm`s rectified the problem. 3. What should the diversity goals of MacTemps be? Firm`s CEO John Chuang should have know to Affirmative action. Now he doesn`t understand meaning of real diversity. Because he is minority person, He is minority but he is CEO`S of large company. But his firm`s employee does not same situation. MacTemps ` composition is skewed toward secretarial and clerical jobs, the people with the most experience tended to be white females, for achieving diversity goals of MacTemps, modified this flow, and balance to employee`s composition rate of ethnic and minority group. So most positive situations are anyone have discrimination in their task, and rectified people`s prejudice. 4. If MacTemps also provides temporary employees for firms in other countries, how might managers in other countries view Chuang`s staffing policies? If MacTemps provide their service for in other countries, there`s polices help improving their service level in other countries. Because if firm`s conduct service in another countries, they need to native people, in this situation, firm`s employed there native people, ultimately native peoples are minority group. So if organizations have good policy for minority people, more probability of success abroad market. Also high level of manager should effort to harmonized existing people with new employees( other countries people).

Importance Of Purpose Audience Tone And Content In Academic Writing and two methods of weight lose Essay

?Importance Of Purpose Audience Tone And Content In Academic Writing Purpose audience tone and content all of these are part of writing process and are extremely important for a good piece of academic writing. Paragraph divide ideas into logical and manageable parts. Purpose, tone and audience these three elements shape the content of each paragraph. Purpose: The reason why the writer is writing the paragraph and what is his hope to achieve with the paper. Without a sturdy purpose the paper is worthless. Tone: The thoughts the writer conveys about the paragraph’s subject. If the tone is not appropriately chosen and used all through the paper then it can seem cluttered and possibly even incoherent. Audience: It’s extremely significant and this is the individual or group whom the writer intends to reach or address. It may be a specific group, teacher, student or general group. Fig: Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content Triangle (source: https://new. edu/resources/purpose-audience-tone-and-content) From the figure we can see that purpose , audience and tone all are focuses to content. Introduction: Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, is a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat oradipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. Weight loss is one of today’s most trendy obsessions among individuals. Weight loss can have positive and negative consequence on an individual. It can occur unintentionally due to an underlying disease or can arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state. Weight loss in the context of medicine , health or fitness , is a reduction in body mass of an individual, because of an average loss of liquid , fat or tissue such as muscle , tendon or tissue conjunctive . One of today’s most popular obsessions among individuals is weight loss. Weight loss can have positive and negative implication on an individual. A large of number of people now day checks out new ways to lose weight to fit modern way of life. A few people favor to use artificial techniques similar to consuming pills and equipment claiming to provide weight loss, at the same time others try natural procedures such as modifying diet, lifestyle, and cardio-training and the techniques for burning fat.

Ip1 managing high performance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ip1 managing high performance - Research Paper Example Therefore, supervisors have to interact with sub-ordinates to find out the best style of management to utilize for effectiveness. Some will need an authoritarian manager while others will perform adequately in a participative manner that guarantees the best result. Theory X can use in managing unskilled labor-force and large scale production. Theory Y is best suited for professional services as well as knowledge-based work, such as call center procedures (Winslow, 2009). Theory Y and democratic decision-making are at some degree comparable. The employees working under theory Y naturally merged their objectives to the organization’s objectives. Theory Y allows employees to participate in decision-making but leave management to implement decisions made. However, democratic decision-making is when an individual makes decisions without external influence. Employees’ performance and morale can improve if a manager understands the two theories. The manager can hence practice the excellent leadership style. As a result, he can advance the productivity of the organization (Drucker,

Verbal and Nonverbal Skills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Verbal and Nonverbal Skills - Research Paper Example the methods utilized for communication, content of the message, and frequency of the message and also the skills utilized to communicate the information. In other words, business relationships are quite different from traditional relationships since the hierarchy of organization alongside other factors place responsibility and accountability on certain individuals. Also, workplace ethics require communication of verbal as well as non-verbal communication in a closed setting where message needs to be communicated in a formal as well as in a non-formal manner. However, to reduce misinterpretations, a culture of effective communication needs to be developed where the employees and subordinated feel as comfortable while expressing their grievances as the management feels while communicating orders. Thus, this paper will aim at explaining how a workplace can be turned into a conductive environment where the efficiency enhances via two-way communication. Firstly, the method of communication has a deep impact on the workplace environment since how you communicate the message is more important than the actual message being communicated. It must be understood by the communication experts in the organization that one method of communication may not suit everyone. Thus, it is important to understand diversity and culture values of the employees and even the management. Furthermore, complicated tools and methods for communicating messages must be avoided. In other words the message must be constructed that it must be clear and simple, and yet sensitive to the cultural diversity in the workplace. Sometimes, pictorial tools may be used to better communicate the message so that it may be understood by everyone. Also, two-way communication must always be encouraged since that helps understand complex ideas and scenarios for better decision making in the future. Also, the employees must be given enough liberty and space to ask

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Questions - Essay Example In the development of their forms of government, Egypt went straight from pre-civilization to large government units, was more centralized and authority was concentrated in a divine Pharaoh. On the other hand, Mesopotamia passed through a city-state phase, authority was more dispersed and governance was exercised through councils and participatory institutions. In form of writing, both cultures developed complex forms of writing which was monopolized by the priestly class. However, Mesopotamia developed the cuneiform alphabet while Egypt had its hieroglyphics, a more pictorial form based on simplified pictures of objects abstracted to represent concepts or sounds. Mesopotamian writing material was comprised of clay tablets and animal skins, and produced an epic literary tradition. Egypt used the papyrus formed from reeds, but used it more for record keeping (Robert Guisepi, The Origins of Civilizations, 2007). In great part, Mesopotamia developed a more advance level of science and mathematics than Egypt, although Egyptians were first to determine the length of the solar year and developed a science of medicine. Egyptian civilization was not centered on science, however, but on religion, the worship of many gods, magical rituals, and obsession with life after death (Cornelius Petrus Tiele, Comparative History of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian Religions, 1882). While their early religions developed from an awareness of nature and the environment, their attitudes differed greatly. Egypt, prosperous and harmonious and consistent with its attribution as the â€Å"gift of the Nile,† regarded their gods positively with the promise of a joyous afterlife. Mesopotamian religion was gloomy and bleak, and their prayers reflected the absence of a personal relationship with their gods and goddesses who were suspicious of humans and frequently sent calamities to underscore their humanity – as in the message of the Gilgamesh epic (Michael Streich,

Interview with RTD Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview with RTD - Assignment Example On the other hand, employee handling has generated great benefits to RTD Company by saving the company 5 million. Schemes have also been developed like the shared savings and staffing plans which is the right direction towards meeting the future company needs. The company also derives benefits recovery of 90% of its premiums. Fear is a general term that may be used to describe lack of certainty and clarity of certain issues. It is therefore quite logical to conclude with reference to the responses that fear and lack of it exists in the organization in manageable proportions. According to Cherie, fear exists but not as much as it was previously. This is mainly because the employees now have a union, which can bargain for them. Cherie explains that fear is only caused by lack of trust that is mainly by individuals. Roger says that there is only a pocket of fear, which is majorly caused by employees being afraid to speak out hence a closed environment. George on the other hand resonates fear from the economic fear and insecurity; this is because people may fear being laid off and hence losing their pension. This can though be fixed from better decisions by management on better funding strategies with intense pressure from the union for increased employment of 1st year recruits. RTD corporation has several strengths which has enabled it prosper in its activities among which are their commitment for customer service both internally and externally. The staff of the company is also experienced and they understand well the business of the company, this makes them be good at what they do in delivering service to the clients. The company bases its operations based on trust, which is a virtue. The company through the HR department is also able to do thorough advocacy for the employees; this helps the company to balance what is good for both its employees who are highly motivated and the company. Apart from just having strengths, the company as

Media Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Assigment - Essay Example This paper stresses that as per Alberta Human Resources and Employment, for such a dynamic profile of the job, editors may exhibit the following characteristics: and ambition, excellent writing and research skills, the ability to criticize effectively, organization and time management skills, decision-making and leadership skills, the ability to work well under time pressure. As the report declares the editors are required to plan, coordinate work with other, analyze information, solve problems and negotiate with writers and others. The job is multidisciplinary in nature with persons from a variety of backgrounds qualifying as editors. Citing the case of newspapers, there are written statements to define ethical standards. The job of journalists is to gather information, to validate it, and also to sort facts out of a mass of information, not only voluminous but often unintelligible. This process of selection and synthesis implies choices which will alter reality. People often blame the media for over-simplification and lack of nuances. But efforts at simplification are part of the job. Almost by definition, to inform is also to deform. News describes information that is new. The concept has a deep meaning because it implies that what is not new, or different, or significant is not news. By definition, news is a breach of continuity and a breach of normal ity as may be describable by events such as crises, fights and changes that are not part of normal daily life.

Changes in the United States after the Civil War Research Paper - 1

Changes in the United States after the Civil War - Research Paper Example The economic and social differences between the southern and northern parts of the country also contributed to the war, as the latter region was characterized by industrialization and urbanization while the former was an agrarian economy. The industrialized northern part had an advantage over the other and, thus, they won the war. The country’s rights were limited as the federal government enjoyed more power and this induced a protest against the federal government, therefore, causing the Civil War. They believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests. Before Lincoln was even president, seven states had seceded from the Union: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas†. The economic changes succeeding any war are found to be negative as the destruction caused by the war pull back the economic condition of a country since a huge amount of cost is involved. â€Å"The struggle to define the composition of â€Å" the people† and the republic in the new postwar and post-emancipation South was hardly settled by the American Civil War. But there was no going back. It was not just that slavery was abolished and the Confederacy destroyed, but that the slaveholders’ stunning experiment in proslavery and antidemocratic nation building was over†.Devastating economic changes were visible in both regions, but the southern part witnessed more destruction comparatively.  Mostly all the plantations in the southern region were destroyed in the war.  

Ip3 team and leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ip3 team and leadership - Research Paper Example The first level of the pyramid model is the physiological needs of every human: food, water, warmth and sex. The second consists of such safety needs as security, order and stability. Then comes the need in affiliation that is love and belonging. The fourth level represents need for esteem or the need in recognition, prestige and power. The fifth level is the self- actualization and the last one is the self- transcendence, which is experience. In order to perform work well, employees need healthy air, water and adequate time to rest. These needs are the main motivators of the first level of Maslows pyramid. The employees should aware of the level of risk they have in the working environment to feel them comfortable enough for their proper work performance. The main motivator for the employees at the level of affiliation is the opportunity to be a part of a team, in which its members share skills, knowledge and unique experiences. The esteem needs are the external motivators for employees and they are the prizes and awards, while the internal motivators are the private goals that employees set for themselves. Once the main needs are achieved, people are able to reach their true potential, real meaning, wisdom and justice. Â   Within the organization, newly employees await for a security, order and stability from their job. In a certain time, they are trying to seek their role inside the team and thus need active support from their colleagues and leaders. This will not only give new employees feel themselves comfortable, but also will ensure an opportunity to enter the next level of Maslows model. There, the employees do their best to obtain recognition that will motivate them for the further

Buyers behaviour - samsung galaxy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Buyers behaviour - samsung galaxy - Essay Example This is more so in a market where competition is intense, sellers are many, and the target market is relatively the same. Such a market environment informs the analysis of Samsung Galaxy in terms of the behaviour exhibited by its buyers. Samsung Galaxy buyers, just like any other consumer, are rational, and they seek to maximize their welfare at the minimum cost possible. However, this does not mean that they can only buy cheap phones that are offered in the market. Purchases of Samsung Galaxy are influenced by a number of variables, all of which are captured by the decision making theory. In problem recognition, buyers identify their need to buy a phone. This creates a difference between what they have and what they want to purchase. The need or desire to buy Samsung Galaxy constitutes the main problem for which the buyer seeks a resolution. Once the problem has been recognized, the buyer has to move to the next step, which is information search (Jackson, 2008, p.47). The informatio n available to the buyer influences the decision that the buyer makes. While total market information may be hard to capture, product reviews, friends, and advertisements among others act as sources of information for the buyer. Price, quality, product features, brand image, company reputation, product design, and past experiences (Grant, 2011, p.73) are some of the key variables that matter to a Samsung Galaxy buyer. ... On the same note, the respective companies target relatively the same markets. In this respect, product differentiation is vital as buyers move to settle on the best available alternative (Kerin, et al. 2006, p.205; Ward & Aleksandra, 2008, p.227). The actual product choice by the buyer depends on the prior steps in the theory of decision making (Michell, 2011, p.180). Here, the buyer will settle on the alternative product that suits his/her need, desire, tastes, and preferences, not overlooking product affordability and quality factors. For majority Samsung Galaxy buyers who were interviewed, the most influential factors in product choice are product features and design. These two are complemented by price, brand image, Samsung’s reputation in the telecommunications industry, and consumer past experiences with Samsung products. The outcomes exhibited by Samsung Galaxy buyers in regard to the decision making theory show mixed reactions about the product, the company, and the m arket environment. Samsung Galaxy features like camera, GPS, entertainment, calendar/address book, media player, internet access/search/email, handset, design, price, and battery life scored more than more average level of importance to many buyers. Preferences for Blackberry and iPhone in the same line are equal to, exceed, or exhibit lower levels compared to the Samsung Galaxy. On the same note, market trends and personal concerns for each buyer on the product vary significantly (Castells, 2007, p.246; Peters, 2009, p.69). Also, an outstanding factor in the whole analysis is consumer awareness and Samsung’s reputation in the industry. In this respect, the price, features and design of the smartphone inform

Environmental Scan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Scan - Essay Example Their focus for the past few months has been to form strong relationships with their current customers, including car dealerships, repair shops, and the used car market, through strategic marketing and PR platforms. But at the moment they cannot gain customers in the car manufacturing sector as they don’t have the capacity to bring in large orders of the quality demanded by those. The major players all have private negotiations with the larger processing plants or they source them directly through imports. The current financial standing of the business is not enough to ensure profitability or expansion, modification strategies. Variable Cost per month- $ (100*70*20) + 2000 142,000 Average Variable Cost- $ 142,000/6000 23.67 Total revenue per month -$ 32*6000 192,000 The calculations indicate that the firm is not performing enough to generate a steady profit as the revenue is less than the total cost of producing. However, it would not be advisable for the firm to shut down ope rations as the loss being incurred now might well be less than the total fixed costs, which is what the firm would suffer if the management decides to shut down. The revenue per unit received is $32, according to economic rules an â€Å"in the short run, a firm will maximize profit or minimize by producing the output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost (as long as producing is preferable to shutting down† (McConnel et al., 2008) The firm is producing output at the MC of $30, which is near enough to the marginal revenue of $32 and is following economically sound practices. From the calculation, we can see that the Average variable cost is $23.67, which means that the MR of $32 covers the ATC as well as contributing $8.3 to covering up the fixed costs incurred in the process... As the variable cost of workers is the greatest cost they incur in production, one possible venue is to bring greater automation in the plants along with the implementation of software like ER P or specific manufacturing software to take over the manual jobs in the factory. While the process requires hiring experts as consultants (or creating a new position in the firm) along with the capital requirements for new hardware and software, in the long run, the variable costs will go down and the increase in fixed costs will be offset by greater revenue and profits. Financial formulas can be applied to forecast the expected change in profit and cost structure; including interest expenses from the loans that will be taken or the bonds which will be floated to fund the project. Another way to generate liquid capital can be through making the firm public and floating shares in the market, but the current standing does not indicate that the response will be good and the owners are better off by taking liabilities and keeping control of their business in their hands.

Margaret Beaufort School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Margaret Beaufort School - Essay Example After a demoralising Ofsted report Mike Lavelle who joined with a brief to raise standards replaced the school head. An external factor – a significant external factor is the requirement of meeting the standards that was set by Ofsted report this combined with reports from other schools in the consortium led the school to realize that they would be better off joining the consortium at all cost. However, it is questionable whether a better report would have meant that the school remained antonymous, as the benefits of joining the consortium were more apparent An internal factor – internal factors include the loose leadership as well as poor direction that were provided by the team. The staffs as well were opposed to any changes in the school during the change of leadership. These kind of staff contributed a significant factor to the school failing. Team leaders and other leaders play a major role in mediating the impact that factors set have in an organization or a school context. Thus, they play a very significant role in achievement of the set goals and standards. If the leaders meet the standards set with resistance, then they will oppose such standards as they will not be significant to them therefore adopting them will be met with a lot of resistance. It is important also for the leaders to have the appropriate leadership skills and cultures in order to attain success (Ghalambor 2011, 3). They should also have a good link between other leaders and the subordinates to enhance coordination in meeting the set goals and standards. This is evident in the case above as removing those resistant to change as well as bringing in a stronger more collaborative type of leadership team meant that new school systems could be put in place. This provided a renewed sense of ownership and shared leadership that was lacking in the

RAPHAEL MAZZUCCO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RAPHAEL MAZZUCCO - Essay Example Through his works, Raphael Mazzucco has left a thrilled and provocative colophon on the fine arts community. His latest release, â€Å"The Iceland Collection’ offers his audience a rare opportunity to share in his love affair with his surroundings and nature. Through the mixed media one vividly realizes Raphael’s love of photography. His artistic skills are quite exceptional allowing him to produce images that are astounding in their honesty and instigates deep pathos, as well as spur new heights of excitement (Rosenbaum Contemporary, 01). Raphael, a seasoned lens man, has garnered massive attention from outstanding fashion clients including Bergdorf Goodman, Guess Jeans, and Victoria’s Secret. Fascinatingly his photographs have featured prominently in the front pages of French and Italian magazines. His arrival into the art world was met with a loud applaud as well as criticism after he conducted a global excursion in which he exhibited his works. While the wor ld of literature, especially art, continues advancing, Raphael stands out as an iconic shutterbug and artist who has captured sensual and alluring moments in the lives of American women, his legacy with span several generations. His aptitude to express himself from an overwhelmingly raw perception leaves his imprimatur in our culture and depicts the ever-changing gorgeous world (Rosenbaum Contemporary, 02). In â€Å"Below the Sky; 2013," Raphael overly interlocks various colors that lead to the creation of a bright 2-Dimensional (2D) image. The artwork uses light blue color, silver, and black color excessively to create an attractive image of a woman surrounded by sharp lines that look like sharp sticks or lances. It depicts plains that lie under a vast sky. The black color is speckled in various spots in the portrayed with a major concentration in the backside near the frames of the portrait. He uses a brownish color to depict the landscape

Religion 120 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion 120 - Essay Example In Christianity, it is believed that the Jesus Christ is incarnation of God and Jesus could be viewed as representative of the mystical thoughts held by the Christians. In Sufi Islam, it is believed that the Prophet Muhammad was directed called by God and the angel Gabriel took him to the God. There are several incidents and his life that have been reported as mystical encounters like Quran has been viewed as the divine exposure conveyed by God to the heart of the Prophet (Lewis and Mark, p54). It is strongly believed in Judaism, Christianity and Islam that the human beings are guided by God through revelation to the prophets. In each of these religions there is great importance of Holy Scriptures because these scriptures contain teachings and principles for people to guide their lives accordingly. In Judaism, the holy scriptures are grounded in Torah and first five books of Hebrew Bible. The Christians consult the Bible for seeking guidance in different matters of their lives whereas Quran is the Holy sculpture of Islam that declares that no more Holy Scripture will come after it. These scriptures tend to have very strong impact upon the lives of the followers because they contain the information about the background and historical development of the respective religion and also explicitly explain the ways of spending lives and guide the followers to act and behave in certain manner (Hourani et al, p176). Oral traditions formed the base of Islam, Christianity and Judaism and all these three religions affirm the importance of oral traditions especially during the early phase. Islam is based on oral traditions because thousand years ago when Prophet Muhammad preached people about Islam there was mean of properly keeping the records and even Quran remain unwritten but transmitted to people orally for several years. Similarly, in Christianity

The Reform of the Banking System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Reform of the Banking System - Essay Example led because there is a prevalence of risk about their existence that in the future again their performance might lead to economic and financial crisis. According to the President of the Dallas Federal Reserve Bank, Richard Fisher, the pseudo-banks and the large banks are difficult to manage due to their big size that creates problem in its supervision. The President is of the view that the costs that these banks impose are more than the advantages that people or society receives from their existence. The financial institutions which were considered â€Å"too big to fall† intensified the crisis in the past few years and had resulted in the fall of potential output and most importantly employment. Moreover, it is better to have several manageable units rather than one big unmanageable unit (Nutting, 2010). 1.2 Banks should not be broken up According to the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), the banks should not be broken up because the splitting policy could harm the role of the UK at the control of global finance. The present public anger should be tackled which is over the bankers’ larger bonuses by ensuring that the banks in the UK can still attract and employ top talents. The Independent Commission on Banking (ICB) was set up in Britain during the year 2010, whose responsibility was to analyse the probable shaking up of the industry after the credit crisis occurred and it found that top lenders such as Lloyds and Royal Bank of Scotland are in need of taxpayer bailout. It is believed by the CBI that breaking up the banks would be a mistake and they need to develop a strong system of banking that would help the economic growth as a whole. The views of the CBI are supportive if observed from the side that during the global financial crisis, many universal banks... This essay approves that the rules of the regulatory bodies regarding the penalties against the banks that violate the standards should be presented in stringent form to the bankers. The policy can be set in which the bankers get paid only for the returns on five to ten years of investment by the people. This will make the bankers to concentrate on the amount of risk when it develops and sells products. This paper makes a conclusion that Financial Crisis Responsibility Fee is incorporated by the government to earn the bailout cost. This is an earning of the government through tax that primarily performs two things. One is that it modifies the behaviour of the banks and the other is that it generates revenue for the government which can be used for reimbursing the taxpayers for bailout cost in the economy’s financial system. The tax would affect the bank behaviour in the sense that tax is more precisely termed as a payment of interest. In this case, it is paid after the occurrence of the disaster rather than before the occurrence. It can also be termed as a loan to the banking industry if the cost of the bailout is paid in full by the banks. They are only charged for certain direct and indirect costs such as the package of stimulus for helping the ruined economy. This arrangement would provide an assurance to the government that in case of occurrence of any financial crisis in the future where the government has to bail the banks out, the banks will not be able to escape payment of certain costs.

Proposed reform on Judicial Review Research Paper

Proposed reform on Judicial Review - Research Paper Example Whereas the level and extent to which other reforms may be beneficial to the judicial process are not in question, this author will lay out but a few salient reasons why the judicial nomination process is one of the most important functions that government makes with regards to the functionality, diversity, fairness, and representative nature that the judiciary should display. Furthermore, due to the fundamental shift in the judicial nomination process that has been experienced over the past 50 years, this author will seek to lay out a series of issues that define the shortcomings that the current legal system experiences as well as seeking to law out what steps could be effected in order to ameliorate these. The first issue that this analysis will consider is the fact that the judicial nomination process has turned into what can only be considered a type of media and political frenzy. Whereas the constitution states that the president should seek the counsel of congress in order to appoint a judge, the actual process whereby the judge is vetted is not enumerated upon and has largely become to be defined by Congress as something of an evolving practice that draws on prior precedence and the political fervor of a given point in time (Gonzalez et al 2003). As Congress itself, nor the president for that matter, can be trusted to make a determination based upon qualifications, the process oftentimes diverges into a political mudslinging contest where both sides attempt to paint the other as either obstructionist or attempting to push through some form of radical judge to the bench. As such, this interpretation of the law and precedent is neither helpful to the understanding of the constitution nor the judicial nomination process. As a function of this, the following analysis will detail and proscribe a set of solutions with regards to this particular shortcoming. Recent court appointments have highlighted the fact that rather than determining the overall qualificat ions of the judge, the opposing political party merely regresses to performing a series of partisan character attacks as a means to stymie the process and generate a degree of public awareness and involvement (McGinnis et al 2010). This of course is counterproductive and forces the process itself to be a multipart game that both the Congress and the sitting president at the time engage upon. Oftentimes the way that such a game progresses is that the president will nominate a series of un-selectable and/or unqualified candidates as a means to exhaust the Congress or the general public with the intractability of the process. Only once this has been accomplished, the president will nominate the candidate that he truly wanted to be make it through the process in the first place. This game theory is counterproductive, inefficient, and wastes a great deal of shareholder time and energy. A better and more efficient process for nomination and selection is therefore necessitated in order to institute a process that is not only more efficient but also a better representation of how the constitution originally envisioned the process of judicial nomination. In this sense, the entire process is hijacked at the expense of political posturing, partisanship, and a degree of political gain

Compare differences of history and performance styles between Italian Essay

Compare differences of history and performance styles between Italian opera and Chinese opera - Essay Example People sing the music while acting out the parts without talking much. Some popular types include Italian and Chinese Opera. The essay compares the differences in history and performance styles between Italian Opera and Chinese Opera. Even though opera did not originate in Venice, its development in Italy was stimulated by the nurturing environment that existed in a serene republic. A good percentage of Europe’s music was dominated by the Italian opera during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Kimbell, 2004, p.238). The bourgeoisies would regularly commission huge and interesting pieces of work that combined drama, music, and dance. The combination of fine arts marked the birth of opera and several cities in Italy, Rome, Florence, Venice, and Naples contributed to the development and perfection of this new genre (Levey, 2004, p.388). But, the entire opera movement was started in Florence, Italy by the Florentine Camerata and the Bardi, who regularly met in an attempt to recreate the Greek drama. As the 17th century drew to an end, Italian opera was undergoing many challenges and alterations that were later expected to affect its standing in various ways. These changes had produced two visible and different forms of Italian opera. One type was the serious and tragedy-like type referred to as opera seria, while the second type is a lighter and more comic and earthly style that was referred to as opera buffa (Dahlhaus, 2004, p.63). The two forms of Italian opera arose out of common ancestor but were exposed to different influences that shaped and cultured them into the forms we are acquainted with today. Opera seria first arose in the cities of Venice and Naples and toke an inflexible and practical form by 1720. It was the product of a philosophical movement that started in the late 1600’s (Dahlhaus, 2004, p.45). The famous movement was referred to as Enlightenment and worked effortlessly to seize the entire Europe while affecting

Economic Urban Renewal Essay Example for Free

Economic Urban Renewal Essay During Urban renewal, what is in the best interest of the city is sometimes not in the best interest of many people in the City. And what is in the interest of the People is often not in the best interest of the City. Cities, or their disparate parts at varying rates, are always in one natural state of evolution or another: decline or renewal. Community organizations and individuals who have no expertise or experience in modern urban design and renewal have no place influencing the renewal agenda from an official capacity any more than a lawyer should be telling a doctor how to do neurosurgery on a sick patient. Urban Renewal and Design is a challenging and daunting endeavor even for the experts. Modern Renewal does not appease or allow a sense of entitlement by amateurs to meddle in the process from appointed political positions. Community groups with a sophisticated culture of urban economics and design should be invited into the process. A good example of this type of community group is the Design Advocacy Group in Philadelphia. Urban renewal is not a social welfare program. Social programs are already abundantly in existence for the needy in every City. Urban Renewal programs are special events. Urban Renewal programs co-opted by social activists will fail. Social programs masquerading as Renewal will eventually be exposed for what they are, with negative ramifications to follow, possibly inhibiting consideration of another renewal try any time in the foreseeable future. The same goes for political and institutional pork barrel projects masquerading as Renewal or Economic Recovery projects. Usually, the make up of the renewal board itself is a strong predictor of its direction, whether its makeup is weighted in favor of social community activists, politicians or known political cronies, representatives of major city institutions by proxy, or outside experts with no current or previous political or business ties to the region, no local constituency to appease, and with no continuing participation after achieving benchmarks. Even a so-called balanced board, that is, one that gives a seat to a representative of each of the citys major constituent groups, such as the major ethnic, political, business, religious, housing, social categories etc. may be cause for suspicion. These type of boards are mainly constituted to see that each gets its share of the pie, proclaiming unity while each pursues their own vision, going in separate directions while protecting their turf. A balanced board tends to neutralize, diminish and dilute the effectiveness of good plans in the compromising process of wheeling and dealing between groups. A balanced board that provides seats of influence to entitled non-experts is bound to fail. Body Urban renewal programs are historically almost orgiastic opportunities of cronyism and pork barrel corruption. Citizens, the Law and the Press must apply the highest scrutiny. Urban renewal is not a social experiment but a pro-business, free market enabler that attracts new businesses and residents, facilitated by physical redesign. Incentives intended to attract business into a renewal zone that contain local hiring requirements will find limited appeal, since the overwhelming majority of businesses want to be free to hire People based on their qualifications rather than their address. Urbanists recognize that individual economic and residential decisions are based on self-interest, and that successful renewal depends on the cumulative effect of thousands of individual decisions. Cities where community activists have a reputation for strong-arming new businesses will have a difficult time of renewal. The existing state of the City asks at any given moment, Why would anyone choose to live or operate a business here when they have the option to choose another locale? The City may ask the question, but only outside stakeholders can answer it. Urbanists need to identify outside stakeholders and get an accurate picture of what it will take for them to move into the City. Renewal planners must constantly adjust their plans to appease stakeholders outside the City as information suggests. Urban renewal is the removing of blight and creating high density, safe attractive walkable new neighborhoods and shopping districts through policy and design. It is for the immediate benefit of middle and upper class business owners and individuals who will settle and create a sufficient tax base to provide services in the future for all residents. These are shoppers, business owners and residents who do not yet have any presence in the City. In other words, present City residents and businesses must bite the bullet and make sacrifices for current outsiders to accrue future benefits. Every move in this direction speeds up the renewal process. The immediate target constituency for urban renewal programs lay outside the City, not in it. Todays residents will receive future benefits through others that cannot come to fruition any other way. Territorial attitudes and a sense of entitlement that attempt to keep outsiders at bay and keep benefits in will generate no benefits and further isolate Inner City poor from mainstream opportunities. Urban renewal efforts influenced by social service and affordable housing providers will come to resemble a social service program and be a complete turn-off to the regions middle and upper class. Renewal leaders who as politicians had a history of applying short term patches to long term problems, or who have a prior or newly established business relationship with large institutional beneficiaries of renewal funds, will find it hard to build trust with skeptical stakeholders, especially prominent business People with honed analytical skills. The history, business and political ties of Renewal leaders will play a large role as to informing stakeholders’ decisions. Without attracting a viable upper class from the region urban renewal is dead. Often used specious arguments by community activists such as we stayed and stood by the City during its hard times, now we deserve something†¦ is a thinly disguised parasitic, something for nothing attitude. People do not hesitate to move to a better neighborhood when they can. Renewal leaders who succumb to this victimology do the City and its good people a disservice while repelling desirable potential inhabitants. While large historical forces have shaped the American ghetto, this is the context in which some must deal with their problems, not an excuse for failure or benefits beyond the social sector. Life can be hard and harder for some, but Urban Renewal funds are not to be used as welfare funds or for public housing. That is what the local housing and welfare boards, with their separate and historical funding sources are for. Church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not at all interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued (McAteer, 1975). No matter how many People attend church or work hard in some cites, it is a lack of architectural cohesion, wasted space in the form of parking lots and vacant lots, vandalism and other property crimes, burglary and thefts, the preponderance of illegal drug markets, violence, blight, rampant anti-social behaviors, tacky shoddy retail shops, gangs, unruly teenagers, school violence, illegitimacy and lack of a skilled and employable populace that creates the profile of a worst case inner City needing attention. These problems in turn lead to a lack of economic and social capital. Churches are valuable institutions in their historical role as spiritual guides, facilitators of personal transformation and, in urban areas, the delivery of social services. Serious Urbanists must ferret out the challenges of a city, divide them between the predictable and fixable (design) and the theoretical (social) and work on them separately, considering the two processes operate on wholly different timelines and practices. Social challenges, whose solutions are purely theoretical with no predictable outcome based on past history, are on a timeline of 20 years ( one generation) to infinity, ( or never, since poverty and its associated pathologies have been in existence on this planet since the beginning of mankind, despite the best intentions of policy makers throughout history. Urbanists should work on what is known and doable within the allotted time, and not engage in risky experimentation that may ruin a window of opportunity, leaving the larger social problems, those beyond which soundly designed built environments can positively effectuate to social theorists. Urban design and physical development is a proven methodology of urban change within a specified period. Desirable outside stakeholders are, almost by definition not in need of church social services. Therefore, churches should be considered in the social and theoretical People side of the renewal equation. Urbanists must be careful to avoid The Seattle Process, that is, the civic inclination to seek so much public input and consider so many sides of an argument that nothing actually gets done. A good Urbanist begins an operation with the same singular confidence of a surgeon opening a patient’s chest. Like a good doctor, a good Urbanist persuades a patient as to what is necessary for health, does not let the patient write his own prescriptions, and gains the patients trust and cooperation for the patients own good. Church organizations often become a default local government in dysfunctional cities, securing government and philanthropic contracts and fees to provide social services. Rather than being content with the compensation and intrinsic rewards for doing good works, when renewal funds become available, churches often subsume renewal efforts into their mission, demanding a cut of the economic pie, a seat at the political table, and influence to engineer social outcomes through shaky experimental theories. Too often opportunistic ministers, both storefront and traditional, subordinate their historical role to become real estate developers in the profitable non-profit housing industry. Successful at supplanting market oriented Licensed Planners in master-planning neighborhoods, whole areas are taken off the market and are assigned for low-income housing development and rehabilitation to benefit owners and tenants who cannot afford or dont maintain their properties. This does not correct the underlying problem, the inability of poor residents to maintain their properties, and resets to the beginning the deterioration cycle, which leads inevitably to another tax payer bailout. Churches also attempt to insert themselves as the moral arbiters of what the City should be, conflicting with equally legitimate visions of other stakeholders. Urbanist should not mediate the competing visions of others, but should know what the course of action is and concentrate on their own vision. Urbanist must take command of the situation. Only church organizations that understand the economics and design necessary to attract outsiders into the City should be part of the renewal team. No more than one, if any, church seat on the board should be allowed, which represents the aggregate voice of the City religious institutions, and only those institutions that understand outside stakeholder interests. This is a concept familiar to all People of faith and can contribute to renewal success. The board presence and influence of City churches without any renewal expertise beyond low-income housing services should be as limited as their experience. Urban renewal is difficult enough without allowing fake experts on board. A healthy adversarial relationship between social activists and Urbanists should be acknowledged. The basis for this differentiation is the recognition that the City also consists of buildings, streets, infrastructure, related public services and utilities such as street and sewer service, architecture, physical neighborhood design cohesion and allure, special districts, location and transportation assets, zoning laws, tax assessment considerations, finance, business attraction strategies, public relations, marketing activities and more that are far and away outside the purview and expertise of social scientists subsidized housing activists and theorists. The best organizational chart would group these varied disciplines into appropriate categories receiving specialized representation into People (Social) and City (Renewal). Let the chips fall where they may. Ubiquitous poverty is repellent to members of the Middle and Upper Class. To find themselves surrounded by poverty and blight is their worst nightmare. Urbanists must avoid including any plans or designs that provide or support poverty programs. This should be left to the social activists. Urbanists should not over-reach and attempt to do more than they are qualified for or have the resources to do, especially when duplicating existing organizations servicing that need. Urbanists should refrain from incorporating fuzzy social goals or any other programs that rely on rosy predictions that are hard to objectively justify. Whenever possible, Urbanists should present appropriately analogous models to support their position. Unlike Social Theory, which has applied uncountable programs, ideas and billions of dollars to distressed urban cores, the great majority of which have failed, it has been proven that graphic urban design codes serve as predictable guides for change. Intrusive blight and poverty, and its associated social pathologies are the overwhelming reason Isolated City renewal efforts fail. Isolated City in this context can be defined as a City that has no existing viable and attractive residential, commercial or arts areas to build out from. Isolated Cities are the least likely to have a successful renewal and must pull out all the stops in areas of design and incentives to attract outside stakeholders (Lees, 1985). Regional poor move to areas that have a culture of the poor, where they feel less stigmatized and self-conscious, and can find and bond comfortably with others in familiar situations. The abundance of support services for the poor further encourages settlement. Above all, poor people gravitate to areas where they can afford to live, bringing with them all the psychological and social pathologies of such a tough and sad existence. Concentrations of poverty also are, to a great degree, the end result of old racist traditions, expressed in public policies and business practices decades earlier. Zoning laws, and the open discriminatory practice of suburban real estate agents refusing to sell to minorities, post WWII through the 1970s, established the present ethnic and socio-economic configuration of urban areas and suburbs. This law contains loopholes for developers and communities with an anti low income housing bias. In light of history and current practices, a solid argument can be made for compensation to certain classes and groups who have inherited the terrible ramifications of this process. However, Renewal Funds and plans are an inappropriate source. No Urban Renewal effort has ever received enough funding to do as much as is needed, and cannot take on the added burden of compensating for societys misdeeds. Failed urban renewal cycles are more the rule than the exception, and the heavy and counter-productive hand of poverty services has played a major part in their failures. In some cities however, with every cycle they have become more expert in inserting themselves into the mix. With such limited vision partners unschooled in economics as gate-keepers, it is no wonder that the full complexity, serendipity and dynamics of market forces, investors, individual visions, entrepreneurial endeavors and regional participation rarely gets a shot at involvement before the renewal steam runs out. Social activists truly committed to helping the urban poor should consider helping them relocate out of distressed cities and into settings more conducive to pursuing life, liberty and happiness. Where life is risky, and crime reduces liberty, pursuit of happiness is severely hampered. It is time to form a moral argument free of bile and acrimony and take it to the outlying regions that owe their lifestyles to regional social problem repositories in urban areas. If troubled cities are to make a comeback, the outward migration of urban poor must begin, coinciding with an inflow of self-reliant urban pioneers. Nothing less than a 1960s style movement in scope and argument will do. Considering the historic resistance to minorities and the poor in the suburbs, the argument should be taken to suburban churches first. Presented with a compelling and irrefutable moral argument, these churches must accept it or reveal a moral, ethical and religious hypocrisy. Here, urban community development activists and church organizations have an important role. In a best case scenario, the suburban churches will spearhead the drive for the end of segregation and integration into their neighborhoods (Davis, 2000). Urbanites in communities with strong values should not fear their values will be overpowered by the pathologies of poverty, but instead will be a powerful influence for good to all who are exposed to them. Any City with a publicly assisted populace of more than 20% must create programs to promote an outflow to the suburbs to have any chance of renewal. Cities can begin by freezing growth of the poverty service industry. Inner City residents who move to stable communities can immediately enjoy the benefits of mainstream American life and its opportunities for building social capital, instead of waiting and taking the risk that renewal benefits, years off into the future, may not materialize at all. Minorities can be assured that modern day discrimination is relatively weak, and is based more on behavior than race. No City can accomplish operational self-sufficiency with a subsidized population exceeding 20%. Courts and legislative bodies recognize the deleterious and burdensome effects of a low income housing market above 20%, by capping obligations at this point. The questionable history of subsidized housings premier programs and experienced practitioners should be enough to scare off Urbanists from getting caught up in it. HUD program known as Section 108 which allows block-grant communities to raise money for loans by floating HUD-backed notes, has a staggering 59 percent default rate. Although government programs are expected to make riskier bets than private banks (whose loan-default rates are typically in the low single digits), the stratospheric failure rate of HUD loans amounts to a squandering of millions of taxpayer dollars, since taxpayers are on the hook for these loan guarantees. It is a rare suburb that has a subsidized housing population approaching anywhere near 20%. The higher a Citys low income housing stock, the less the area appeals to potential newcomers who do not depend on public assistance. Helping as many poor to move out of the City and into better neighborhoods is an important social mission that should endure through all times. It is a mission separate from Urban renewal and should not be commingled.

E-Dfs Scheme Essay Example for Free

E-Dfs Scheme Essay India inks with SBI for Vehicle FinancingGeneral Motors India and State bank of India have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to provide auto financing to all General Motors India vehicles both at wholesale and retail levels. The agreement was signed between Mr. Ankush Arora, Vice President, Sales, Marketing After Sales, General Motors India and Mr. P. Nandakumaran and Mr. B. S. Bhasin, Chief General Managers for retail and whole- sale financing respectively for State Bank of India. Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Ankush Arora said â€Å"We are extremely pleased to partner with State Bank of India being the largest public sector bank in the country. Its extensive reach across India will help our customers to avail of loan facilities to buy our most sought after products. Low interest rates in addition to low processing charges are some of the many benefits which our customers can enjoy while availing of loan facilities of from State Bank of India for financing of our vehicles, he added. As per the MoU, State Bank of India will now provide retail and wholesale financing to customers for purchase of GM India vehicles across the country. GM India in collaboration with State Bank of India will promote schemes to offer easy finance options to their customers by leveraging the pan India presence of State Bank of India. With a network of over 12150 branches across the country, State Bank of India is the largest in India and has been growing rapidly since its inception. Recently, it has been ranked as one of the top ranking banks of international repute. After the successful launch of retail financing scheme for vehicles, SBI is now focusing on Wholesale financing of vehicles in the form of Dealer Financing through its newly launched Electronic Dealer Financing Scheme (e-DFS), which runs on a fully web based portal and ensures automated payments and settlements. Maruti Suzuki ties up with IDBI Bank for car loan financingIDBI Banl Ltd (IDBI) and Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL) today entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for providing Auto Finanace to propective customers of MSIL. The MoU was signed by Shri C. S. Jain, Head- Personal Banking Group, IDBI Bank Ltd and Shri R. S. Kalsi, Chief General Manager of MSIL. As per the scheme modalities, MSIL and its Dealer network will collaborate with IDBI Bank Ltd for the purpose of â€Å"Retail/ Wholesale Activation† in order to facilitate vehicle business. The MOU will facilitate prospective customers of MSIL with vehicle finance at attractive terms. The loan facility for MSIL prospective customer is xtended up to 7 years with maximum funding on on road price and faster processing. The Bank would extend financing facilities to eligible customers for MSIL cars and multi-utility vehicles. The tie-up will benefit both, IDBI Bank in further strengthening its position in retail loan space and MSIL in leveraging the retail financing strength and reach of the Bank. IDBI Bank launched Auto Loans in July 2009. The Auto Loan product is very competitive and the Bank is taking various initiatives to be a leading player i n the segment. The product offers finance for new vehicles at maximum funding at attractive rate of interest. Passenger car-maker, Honda Siel Cars, today said it has tied-up with Axis Bank to offer finance to dealers and customers for its vehicles at competitive rates. Honda SielHonda Siel and Axis Bank will pool their resources together to make accessible organised finance at competitive rates to our dealers and customers across the country for the purchase of Honda cars, Honda Siel Cars, Director (India), Marketing, T Natsume, said in a press release. Under the agreement, Axis Bank has approved a line of credit for financing the dealers of Honda Siel for inventory funding and retail financing of auto loans, the release said. Huyndai MotorsHyundai Motor India Ltd (HMIL), the second largest car manufacturer and the largest passenger car exporter entered into Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Indian Bank, one of the oldest banks in India. Commenting on the financing tie-up, Mr Arvind Saxena, Director- Marketing Sales, HMIL said, â€Å"We warmly welcome Indian Bank to the Hyundai family. With this tie-up we can now give our customer more options when it comes to car loans. Indian Bank is trusted by millions of people and we believe in what people trust the most. The year 2009 has been challenging for the auto industry, but at HMIL we have always welcomed the challenges in a positive manner. We are happy to start the year 2010 with such a great partnership. †Hyundai Motor India today said it has tied up with public sector lender UCO Bank for providing retail financing facilities to its customers. We are pleased to announce this partnership with UCO Bank as our customers will greatly benefit with competitive rates and convenient locations that UCO Bank provides its customers, Hyundai Motor India Ltd (HMIL) Director (Marketing and Sales) Arvind Saxena said. This tie-up will give us a platform from where different products of our bank can be marketed to the prospective buyers of Hyundai Motor India products throughout the country. Thus, the banks retail portfolio a s well as customer base can be increased, UCO Bank Chairman and Managing Director S K Goel said.

The Subject Matter of Experiments Essay Example for Free

The Subject Matter of Experiments Essay A well-designed experiment tells us that changes in the explanatory variable cause changes in the response variable. More exactly, it tells us that this happened for specific subjects in the specific environment of this specific experiment. No doubt we had grander things in mind. We want to proclaim that our new method of teaching math does better for high school students in general or that our new drug beats a placebo for some broad class of patients. Can we generalize our conclusions from our little group of subjects to a wider population? The first step is to be sure that our findings are statistically significant, that they are too strong to often occur just by chance. That’s important, but it’s a technical detail that the study’s statistician can reassure us about. The serious threat is that the treatments, the subjects, or the environment of our experiment may not be realistic. For example, a psychologist wants to study the effects of failure and frustration on the relationships among members of a work team. She forms a team of students, brings them to the psychology laboratory, and has them play a game that requires teamwork. The game is rigged so that they lose regularly. The psychologist observes the students through a one-way window and notes the changes in their behavior during an evening of game playing. Playing a game in a laboratory for small stakes, knowing that the session will soon be over, is a long way from working for months developing a new product that never works right and is finally abandoned by your company. Does the behavior of the students in the lab tell us much about the behavior of the team whose product failed? Psychologists do their best to devise realistic experiments for studying human behavior, but lack of realism limits the usefulness of experiments in this area. When experiments are not fully realistic, statistical analysis of the experimental data cannot tell us how far the results will generalize. Experimenters generalizing from students in a lab to workers in the real world must argue based on their understanding of how people function, not based just on the data. It is even harder to generalize from rats in a lab to people in the real world. This is one reason why a single experiment is rarely completely convincing, despite the compelling logic of experimental design. The true scope of a new finding must usually be explored by a number of experiments in various settings. A convincing case that an experiment is sufficiently realistic to produce useful information is based not on statistics but on the experimenter’s knowledge of the subject matter of the experiment. The attention to detail required avoiding hidden bias also rests on subject matter knowledge. Good experiments combine statistical principles with understanding of a specific field of study.

Indian Child Workers And Poverty Sociology Essay

Indian Child Workers And Poverty Sociology Essay As I visit my country- Pakistan, I see children on the streets begging, some selling flowers and newspapers to the people on the road. When I pass a car mechanic shop, I see boys as young as 5 years old covered in car grease fixing engines. While passing a street restaurant, I see young boys taking orders from customers. At the rubbish disposal site, I see young boys scavenging through waste to find food sometimes, or scrap metal. As I visit my relatives back home, I see Elizabeth, a twelve year old working as a domestic servant in the house, mopping floors and cleaning bathrooms. Child workers are everywhere in Pakistan, the critics of this claim need to open their eyes and heart to feel the troubles of their less privileged fellow countrymen. The factors contributing to child labor are interconnected; however it is mainly due to poverty and lack of education, that children are coerced into the labor force. In the Human Development Report, conducted under the United Nations Development Program, the human development index was measured to compare Pakistan to other countries in the world. According to the Human Development report (2009), The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and gross enrolment in education) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income). The index is not in any sense a comprehensive measure of human development. It does not, for example, include important indicators such as gender or income inequality nor more difficult to measure concepts like respect for human rights and political freedoms. What it does provide is a broadened prism for viewing human progress and the complex relationship between income and well-being. In 2007, among the 182 countries examined, Pakistan was the 141th r egards to the HDI value. This clearly indicates the grave economic situation of Pakistan. According to the CIA World Fact book (2010), Pakistan has a GDP per capita of $2,600 and it is ranked 171 compared to other countries. With poverty rates as high as 24% and unemployment rate 15.2%, marked as 153 compared to the world, it is obvious that Pakistan is going through an economic downturn. According to Unicef (2009), Food and economic crises have increased food insecurity. Prices of essential food items rose over 35 per cent in 2007-08, compared to an 18 per cent increase in labour wages, the ongoing struggle to make ends meet is breaking the back of the poor. With a population of 175 million people, Pakistan is ranked 6th around the world in terms of population. 36% of the population of Pakistan lives in cities, the rest of the 64% lives in the rural parts of the country. Chaudhry, Malik and Hassan (2009) have examined that Punjab, one of the four provinces of Pakistan constitutes 5 6% of the countrys population and a 36% of Punjabs population is accounted being poor. Poverty is one of the main contributing factors of child labor in Pakistan, with almost a quarter of the nations population struggling to make ends meet, the children of poverty stricken families are left to no resort, but to mend their lives by helping their families in earning a living. ADB (2010) considers poverty the main source of child labor in Pakistan. According to Unicef (2009), it is estimated that Pakistan has about 3.3 million children aged under 14, working as child laborers. However, according to the United States Bureau of International Labor affairs (2010), it is stated that the rough estimate of child laborers in Pakistan could be from 2 million to a staggering 19 million. This could be due to the inability to address the issue of child labor and not performing surveys to determine up to date statistics. Ahmed (July 13, 2008) cites this issue by commenting that the latest survey o n child laborers was conducted 14 years ago and the population has increased by 30 million since then. Child laborers have their childhood stolen away from them; forced to work for long hours, these children dont have time to play or study as other privileged children of Pakistan. The United States Bureau of International Labor affairs (2010) cites the state of child laborers working in carpet industries which thrive on the nimble hands of these children, The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan states that work units in rural areas have more child labor than urban areas. In these village units, the children are mostly girls, some only six or seven years old; boys are barely eight. Working conditions are poor, lighting and ventilation inadequate, hygienic conditions substandard, and the work area hot and humid. Workers complain of coughs and sickness. The workers usually work 10-hour days, with no holidays and are paid on a piece-rate basis. Child workers pay is as low as 10 rupees ( approximately 37 cents) per day; teenagers, however, earned 20-30 rupees (74 cents to $1.13) per day, and can even get 50 to 75 rupees ($1.87 to $2.81) per day for superior quality carpets. With a meager amount of wages and the vulnerability of getting sick, these child laborers plights fall on deaf ears. Frequently abused and punished by their employers over small mistakes or delays in handling the work, these poor childrens miseries are never ending; Child weavers suffer work-related injuries and illnesses, such as injuries due to sharp instruments, respiratory tract infections, and body aches. They also remain uneducated, 42 percent never having attended school and 58 percent having dropped out (ILAB, 2010). One of the old and the harshest realities of bonded child labor is that the child laborer is indebted to its master till the bondage debt is repaid. Although bonded child labor is prohibited by the Pakistani law, but people find loopholes to find their way out. According to I LAB (2010), Bonded labor has long been a feature in brick kilns, carpet industries, agriculture, fisheries, stone/brick crushing, shoe-making, power looms, and refuse sorting. The Bonded Labor Liberation Front estimates that eight million children are bonded in Pakistan. Half a million are allegedly bonded in the carpet industry alone. Silvers (1996) writes that the hypocritical masters of the bonded child laborers use exploitive methods to employ these children, it is compliance, long productivity hours and inexpensiveness that make theses children a lucrative deal. A documentary by SPARC, a NGO working to raise the plight of child laborers shows Hyderabad, a city famous for its glass bangles. However, little is known that these bangles are made in factories that employ children. These child laborers work up to 16 hours a day for less than a dollar, in front of the scorching heat of the furnaces. Consequently, they develop diseases such as asthma, Bronchitis and TB. In another scen e, Javaid- a scavenger ploughs through rubbish to pick anything he finds valuable enough to sell and earn a living off; he says his parents find it difficult to support the big family, thats why he feels an obligation to help out with the earnings (SPARC, 2008). Silvers (1996), writes that children in rural parts of Pakistan are indoctrinated to work to help the family. The mindset of bondage is embedded in to the young minds at a very early age, thus these children dont find it wrong, but rather look up to it, unaware of what lies ahead of them. A twelve year old girl named Irfana worked under bondage before being set free; she reported that her master would treat them like livestock. Girls were often raped and the boys were severely beaten. Bonded labor is usually owned by feudal land owners and in Pakistan; most of these feudal landowners are working in the government or have a very strong backing. Bokhari (July 24, 1996) states, If bonded labor has a long history, it also has st rong political backing in Pakistan. Many critics claim that almost two-thirds of the members of the federal parliament in Islamabad and the four provincial legislatures are landowners who would resist any plans that are seen as hostile toward their fellow landowners. Most of the members of parliament in the Sindh [provincial] assembly belong to the Zamindar [landowners] class and it is in their interest not to raise their voices against the bonded labor, says Ali Hasan, a journalist à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Poverty is one of the factors that root from illiteracy. Unicef (2009) states that HYPERLINK javascript:void(0);PakistanHYPERLINK javascript:void(0);HYPERLINK javascript:void(0);s per capita expenditure on health is only US$18, of which US$4 is public expenditure, compared to the recommended US$45. Less than 2.5 per cent of GDP is spent on education, compared to HYPERLINK javascript:void(0);the recommended 2.8 to 3.6 per cent. According to the Unicef , from the year 1998 to 2007, only 1% of the central government expenditure was allocated to health, 2% to education and 16% to defense (2009). Poor access to quality education in the weak primary education system contributes to child labor. Primary education has been made compulsory in Provinces like Punjab, Sindh and NWFP, little is done to enforce the law. Either there are not proper facilities to accommodate children or lack of teachers in some areas. The most affected by this dilemma are the inhabitants of the rural parts of the cou ntry; primary school gross enrollment is 71%, with a large dropout rate (Unicef, 2009). According to Levi (1971), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦poverty has frequently been cited as a cause of primary school dropouts both because poor families can- not afford school fees or other expenses and because it is necessary for children to work to help support the family. The extent of the traditional agricultural sector may better reflect the need for child labor than does GNP per capita. Countries which have a greater segment of their population in the subsistence sector may have both lower incomes and a greater need for child labor. This proves the mindset of the parents who take their children out of schools or who dont send them to school at all. The main reason behind it being, that they cannot afford to run large family expenses on their own. High birth rate is considered an asset for the families, who look forward for the child to grow up and help out with family expenditures. In a survey conducted on Punjab, a total 3,708 questionnaires were filled in 309 households. Literacy of the household, irrelevant of the degree of literacy has a negative effect on child labor in the family (Siddiqi, 2009). In another analysis from the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey, conducted under the patronage of the World Bank in 1991, as a part of Living Standards Measurement Survey; 4,800 households were covered in 300 communities, divided between rural and urban localities. It was found that the cost of primary schooling is Rs 126 a year for a child who doesnt work and Rs 165 for a child who works. Lower school attendance was accounted for high transportation costs. In comparison to working and non-working children, the factors contributing to child labor were found to be lack of education among adults, less landownership and low per capita expenditure. It was also found that greater the distance of a community from other populated areas, the higher the chances of child labor. Among the sa mples, 61% had attended schools. From the total number of boys sampled, 81% has attended school at some stage and out of the girls proportion sampled, on 39% had ever attended school. In the final analysis, the primary schooling cost was directly proportional to the probability of the child working and indirectly proportional to school attendance. Education and child labor are interconnected, The International Labor Organization considers improvement in access to schools and school quality to be the most effective way of reducing child labor in less developed countries (Hazarika and Bedi, 2003) The Employment of Children Act of 1991 prohibits the use of child labor in hazardous works and environments. The Bonded Labor Act of 1992 abolished bondage labor and any bonded labor before the law was ordered to be set free. According to ILAB (2010), In Pakistan, a child is defined as a person younger than fifteen. The legal minimum age for employment is 14 for shops and commerce, industry, and work at sea, and 15 for mines and on railways. Though the laws are present, the enforcement has not been adequate enough to tackle the problem. Enforcement of child labor laws in Pakistan is hampered by the lack of manpower and expertise in the Department of Labor and a general acceptance of child labor, according to Professor Omar Noman (Ibid). The plights of the child workers usually go unheard, Tariq, a Bondage Labor Liberation Front worker inspected a carpet factory where bonded child laborers as young as eight and nine year olds work. The findings were then reported to the Police sergean t in charge, Tariq told him about the conditions in the workshop, about the children. The sergeant was perplexed. Is this a crime? he asked. No one has ever complained before. What do you want us to do about it? Tariq suggested sending officers to investigate, along with a medical-services crew for the children. The sergeant left to consult his superior. Two minutes later he returned with the superintendent, a gracious, mustachioed man of fifty. We are not unsympathetic to your complaint, the superintendent informed Tariq. But the place you describe is registered as a home enterprise. It is run by a small landowner, and the workers are his immediate family. Family businesses are exempt from the labor laws. This enterprise is not illegal. The superintendent opened a binder and showed Tariq the workshops registration certificate. Tariq attempted to correct him, but the superintendent said, What you say may or may not be true. Unfortunately, our jurisdiction does not include child labo r. I have no authority to investigate a private workplace. I have no evidence that the children are working there against their will or that their lives are in jeopardy. The mechanism for doing what you ask simply does not exist here. (Silvers, 1996) Police, with bureaucrats are involved in corruption and turn a blind eye on the child labor issue in Pakistan. Although the laws are present against it as the government lauds, but very little action is taken to enforce it. The lack of acknowledgment from the government and people is the result of the situation regarding child labor in the country. Some economists argue that the third world nations benefit from sweatshop jobs, by offering worlds poor release from malnourishment and destitution. Low wage factories that employ children to make clothes and shoes for foreign market are a first step towards prosperity in developing countries. However, these sweatshop workers are paid low wages for long working hours. They dont have any labor rights or unions to discuss their rights. Often child workers are abused so to force them to work for long hours. Prosperity is not measured by the low earnings from these sweat shops, it is by educating the child. Although, the child laborer brings little money back home, however, the child is deprived off its right of education and the right of living a normal childhood. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that all children get basic education and their human rights should not be violated. Bringing prosperity to a developing country is by uprooting corruption, which lets child laborers take this step to trade their childhood and innocence with the burdensome labor for petty wages. Due to a combination of factors, such as ignorance from the parents of not educating their children, selling them as bonded labor, poverty, corruption of the government and the employers. Child labor is detrimental to the society of Pakistan. It robs the child off its right of education and hence getting higher paying jobs. Child labor is a temporary solution to poverty and not the ultimate solution.